The past perfectThe aspect expressing completion. E.g.: He’s finished university. subjunctive has the same form as the past perfect tenseA grammatical category that is marked by verb inflection. To express when an event or action happens in time or when a state exists, we use tenses..

had + past participle

It is used in subordinate clauseA clause that cannot be a sentence in itself. It is joined with a main clause. E.g.: I wouldn’t go there if I were you. ("if I were you") When I arrived he was surfing. ("when I arrived")s and expresses an unrealA tense that expresses a hypothetical situation. E.g.: I wish you were here. past situation:

Normally the present perfectThe aspect expressing completion. E.g.: He’s finished university. tenseA grammatical category that is marked by verb inflection. To express when an event or action happens in time or when a state exists, we use tenses. is not used with the question wordA word that introduces a wh-question. E.g.: What are you doing? when. In the following sentence, however, this question word does not refer to a specific point in the past, but rather any point in an incomplete period of timeA period of time that includes the time of speaking. E.g.: I have known him for two years. ("for two years").

When have you ever done the dishes?

This use implies annoyance or criticism.

subject 1 + would rather/sooner + clause (subject 2 + past perfect)

I’d rather we had never met. (= If only we had never met.)
What would you rather I had written? (= What do you wish I had written?)

wish/if only + subject + past perfect

When telling a story in the past timeA concept which is related to our perception of reality; that part of existence which is measured in seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, etc., if an eventA general term expressing that somebody or something does something or that something happens. E.g.: An apple fell on Isaac’s head. quickly follows another, these adverbA part of speech that modifies verbs, adjectives, adverbs and conjunctions. E.g.: I could hardly utter a word. ("hardly")ials and partial inversion is used to express the first event. In the invertA structure in which a verb or an auxiliary precedes the subject. E.g.: "Here comes the sun."ed clauseA group of related words containing a subject and a verb. usually past perfectThe aspect expressing completion. E.g.: He’s finished university. is used. With no sooner … than, however, we can also use simple past.

The future perfectThe aspect expressing completion. E.g.: He’s finished university. continuousThe aspect expressing duration, formed with be + verb-ing. E.g.: What are you doing? tenseA grammatical category that is marked by verb inflection. To express when an event or action happens in time or when a state exists, we use tenses. is used for eventA general term expressing that somebody or something does something or that something happens. E.g.: An apple fell on Isaac’s head.s which will have been in progressAn action is in progress when it is happening. E.g.: When I arrived he was surfing. ("he was surfing") at a definiteRelating to a specific or determined person, thing, idea or time. E.g.: I know the guy you are talking about. ("the guy you are talking about") point of timeA particular moment in time. E.g.: She came home at six. ("six") I was born in 1980. ("1980") in the future. It relates to the future perfect tense in the same way as the present perfect continuous relates to the present perfect, or the past perfect continuous to the past perfect (durationA concept, related to the continuous aspect, expressing that an action is in progress. E.g.: What are you doing? and result/completionA concept, related to the perfect aspect, expressing that an action has finished. E.g.: He’s finished university.).

The following sentences are not in future perfectThe aspect expressing completion. E.g.: He’s finished university., although they contain the same form. They express assumption about a past eventA general term expressing that somebody or something does something or that something happens. E.g.: An apple fell on Isaac’s head..

You won't have heard the news that she's been accepted. (= I don't suppose you have heard the news.)
Ingrid joined our team last summer so many of you will have met her already.

The future perfectThe aspect expressing completion. E.g.: He’s finished university. tenseA grammatical category that is marked by verb inflection. To express when an event or action happens in time or when a state exists, we use tenses. expresses that an eventA general term expressing that somebody or something does something or that something happens. E.g.: An apple fell on Isaac’s head. will be completeA concept, related to the perfect aspect, expressing that an action has finished. E.g.: He’s finished university.d before a point in the future. This event may happen at any time up to that point. It is normally used with time expressionA word or group of words used in a particular situation. E.g.: Good morning, at six, on the sofas and clauseA group of related words containing a subject and a verb.s beginning with by.

will + have + been + verb-ing

will + have + past participle